Judaism Doctrines

Judaism Doctrines Introduction Judaism is one of the most common, old, and strong religions that have existed since time memorial with a very strong and unwavering monotheism belief.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism Doctrines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prior to its current state of integrating a Jewish state and a religion, in the past Judaism was only a religious practice of the Hebrews. Although it is a distinct religion and other religions have their own set of doctrines, which they follow, influences of Judaism on other religions are many. This is because, although religions such as Christianity and Islam have their own doctrines, which its believers follow strictly, they have many concepts borrowed from Judaism, it being one of the primary symbols of human civilization. Globally, there exist more than fourteen million Jewish believers, and approximately 3.5 billion others who belong to other religions that apply bor rowed Judaism doctrines. To the Jewish, strict adherence to ritual laws is one of the doctrines that any Jewish believer must respect. Most Jewish believers never believe is the rigid religious beliefs, because most of them hold very liberal views towards spiritual viewpoints (Bamberger, 2010, p.1). As research studies on the origins of Judaism show, this religion has existed since the time Abraham was alive; one of the most respect biblical figures, for Jews consider him one of their greatest ancestors. According to the Jewish believers, Judaism is a symbolic representation of God in their midst, for it represents the covenantal agreement between God and the children of Israel. Historically, Judaism is one of the religious groups that have endured extreme suffering and persecutions, although this has never been an impediment to its spreading. Their suffering goes back to the times of the Pharaoh in Egypt, travelling through the desert and their eventual receiving of the Ten Comman dments and the Promised Land. Although the Jewish people believe in the commandments, their views on what God gave Moses and the extent of including modern religious concepts in their practices varies; hence the current splitting of the early Jewish religion into the present Judaism groups namely the Orthodox, Reform, and Conservative Judaism. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More All this groups have differing Judaism beliefs, which guide their religious practices, although they al believe in the existence of one God (Bamberger, 2010, p.1). Comparison between Christianity and Judaism Although the two biggest world religions namely Christianity and Islam have distinctive doctrines, which their believers must adhere to, these regions have numerous Judaism borrowed concepts. It is important to note that, although the Islam and Baha’i religions use some Judaism borr owed concepts, the level of borrowing is not much as Christianity has done. Judaism and Christianity share very many theological and historical facts for example, the existence of Jesus and his twelve followers. In addition, according to biblical teachings Jesus’s entire family lineage was of the Jewish origin, hence his upbringing among the Jews. This is a fact both Christians and Jews believe hence, clearly showing the resemblance between this to religious groups in beliefs and systems of operation. Both the Christians and the Jewish depend on the bible for spiritual nourishment, a fact that is evident in the Christians and Jews’ practice of referring to their bibles for guidance and spiritual providence. Further, theologically all the writers of the Old Testament; a section of the bible read by both Christians and the Jews,were of the Jewish origin hence, proving that although this two religions differ in doctrines, they must be sharing very many concepts (British Broadcasting Corporation: BBC, 2009, p.1) . Although Christians and Jews are both monotheistic holding the ideas that only one God exists; Jesus existed; human beings are products of God, and God will come to take his faithful ones (although some Judaism groups do not believe in the second coming of God), many variations exist in ways which these religions interpret biblical and other spiritual books. In addition, although they show some form of conceptual co-existence and interdependence, they are contending religions, for each believes that, its teachings emphasizes Godly doctrines. For example, the Jewish dispute the notion held by Christians that God Manifests himself in three forms namely God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. According to the Jewish, this trinity idea is inconceivable; hence, the Christian practice of emphasizing the Trinity of God goes against provisions of God’s holy books. Another Christian concept that faces much antagonism from the Jews is the id ea of the origin sin. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Judaism Doctrines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Judaism, the original sin concept held by Christians lack a basis of explanation hence, the varying atonement modes adopted by Jews and Christians. On the other hand, Judaism never accepts the concept of the communion ceremonies, because to the Jewish, this is a form of worshiping idols (Rich, 2001, p.1). As theological research studies show, almost all doctrines that govern Christianity are Jewish-borrowed, although with new definitions and interpretations. According to Christianity, acceptance of a Jewish believer to follow Christian doctrines is not a religious transfer, but rather it is acceptance to be a complete child of God. This is different when it comes to Judaism, because for one to qualify to be Jewish, new converts have to abandon their early beliefs, vow to respect, and adhere to Jewi sh principles and church doctrines. Therefore, to some extent accepting the Jewish doctrines is like being reborn again with a new identity and affiliation, a case that is different in Christianity. Another primary difference between these religions is the personhood of Jesus Christ. According to Christianity, the primary reason why Jesus came to earth was to save humankind from perishing in the final fire; a fact that authors of the Old Testament had prophesied was to happen. In addition, according to Christian doctrines, Jesus is the only Messiah; hence, through him the world should receive eternal salvation. Although Judaism accepts the belief that Jesus was the son of God, it opposes the idea that he is the Messiah of the world hence, its belief that Jesus might be a prophet of God blessed with good and Godly teachings. In addition, according to Christianity, because of God’s mercies and in the endeavor to save humankind, God transformed Jesus’s Godliness, and m ade Jesus a human being through making his mother conceive through the Holy Spirit. Jewish doctrines greatly oppose this idea, by arguing that, Jesus was and will never be Godly, and although God wanted to save humankind, such a sacrifice was not essential (Herberg, 2007, pp. 7-21). Because the New Testament carries primarily teachings of Jesus, which the Jewish do not value very much, the Tanakh (the Jewish Bible) does not have the New Testament. Unlike the Tanakh, the Christian bible has both testaments, which are very crucial in a Christian’s spiritual endeavors. The Tanakh has three main sections namely the Torah, Ketuvim, and the Nevi’im. According to the Jewish (although not all), there exist two forms of the Torah (written and oral) for spiritual nourishment. Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Christians only the written Torah exists, which Christians accept as a religious book, although they use a Koine Greek Septuagint decoded version of Torah. On the other hand, although this two groups share some biblical concepts of the Torah, the naming system they use in naming constituent books in their bibles vary. That is, unlike Jews who named constituent books in their bible using the traditional Jewish system, Christians have named the constituent books in their bible using names that resemble those used by the creators of the Septuagint (Meyer, 1995, pp. 7-19). In addition to the personhood of Jesus and books that these two groups use, although cultures within which these two religions thrive vary, the effect of the Jewish culture on Judaism is great. For example, unlike Judaism that permanently prohibits the consumption on certain foods, for example, pig and meat products and that all individuals must adhere to Kashrut laws in preserving their foods, Christia n doctrines never specify any preservation method. In addition, although the Christian bible specifies certain animal products that Christians must not consume, it is not very rigid hence, giving Christians the flexibility of choosing foods to consume (BBC, 2009, p.1). As concerns church rituals, as a respect to the existence of humankind, the Jewish incorporate their traditional practices in church activities, for example, when dedicating newborn babies to God and during marriage ceremonies. Therefore, largely the Jewish traditional practice plays an important role in church, a fact that is contrary in Christians, because traditional rituals are distinct components of a Christian society (Bamberger, 2010, p.1). Conclusion In conclusion, although Christians and the Jewish have many antagonizing ideas, these religions share very many concepts. For example, although these religions give their churches and leaders different names, for example, in Judaism Synagogue or Schul, led by a Re bbe or Rabbi, and a church or chapel in Christianity led by a priest, minister, and other Christian leaders, both religions emphasize one concept, the salvation of mankind from sin. In addition to their common goal, these two religions share a common heritage, although their levels of accepting religious concepts vary. Common variations among these religions occur in the personification of Jesus, the nature of God, and some religious practices for example, eating of the sacrament as a representation of Jesus’s body and drinking of wine as Jesus’s blood. Reference List Bamberger, B. J. (2010). Judaism general information. Retrieved from http://mb-soft.com/believe/txo/judaism.htm British Broadcasting Corporation: (2009). Religion: Judaism. BBC. Retrieved from bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/ Herberg, W. Judaism and the Modern man-an interpretation of the Jewish religion. Woodstock: Jewish Lights publishing. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=i5hdOr0XJ b8Cdq=judaismprintsec=frontcoversource=inhl=enei=u-cpTL3BFdehsQbXhZmhAgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=23ved=0CIcBEOgBMBY#v=onepageqf=false Meyer, M, A. Response to Modernity: a history of the reform movement in Judaism. Wayne state University Press: Detroit. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?id=E097BTUssM4Cdq=judaismprintsec=frontcove rsource=inhl=enei=u-cpTL3BFdehsQbXhZmhAgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=21ved=0CIMBEOgBMBQ#v=onepageqf=false Rich, T. R. (2001). What do Jews believe? Judaism 101. Retrieved from jewfaq.org/beliefs.htm

Paris, the Trojan Prince

Paris, the Trojan Prince Before there was a celebrity named Paris or a city of lights sharing the name (see II), there was another famous Paris connected with the most famous war in history. Paris (Alexandros/Alexander) was the son of King Priam of Troy and Queen Hecuba. Hecuba had a dream about the great trouble her unborn child would cause, so when Paris was born, instead of raising him, she ordered him exposed on Mt. Ida. Normally exposure of an infant meant death, but Paris was lucky. He was suckled by a she-bear, then raised to adulthood by a shepherd. (If this sounds familiar, it should. In Romes founding legend, the twins Romulus and Remus were suckled by a wild she-wolf, and then raised by a shepherd.) Discord, in an act worthy of her name, gave a golden apple to the most beautiful goddess, but neglected to name her. She left that choice to the goddesses, but they couldnt decide among themselves. When they couldnt prevail upon Zeus to decide who was most beautiful, they turned to Paris. The 3 goddesses vying for the honor were Athena, Hera, and Aphrodite. Each goddess offered something of great value as a bribe to make Paris name her as the most beautiful. Paris might have made his choice based on looks, but he chose the ​beauty goddess Aphrodite for her bribe. She rewarded him by making the most beautiful mortal, Helen, wife of Menelaus, fall in love with him. Paris then abducted Helen and took her to Troy, thereby starting the Trojan War. Death of Paris In the war, Paris (Achilles killer) was fatally wounded by one of Hercules arrows. Ptolemy Hephaestion (Ptolemaeus Chennus) says Menelaus killed Paris. Philoctetes died bitten by a serpent and Alexander was killed by Menelaus with a blow of the spear in his thigh.Photius (9th century Byzantine patriarch) Bibliotheca - Epitome of Ptolemy Hephaestion

Genetic Engineering in Oryx and Crake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetic Engineering in Oryx and Crake - Essay Example From this perspective, the current paper critically analyses the novel Oryx and Crake by Atwood. To achieve this objective, the paper examines the possible outcomes of present pursuit of genetic engineering illustrated in the illusionary world created by the author and makes connections to present realities. A critical analysis of the novel Oryx and Crake reveals that Atwood’s main argument relates to the detrimental effects associated with advances in science and technology, especially genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a technology which involves manipulation of organisms and their genetic make-up. The genetic manipulation may involve inserting foreign genes into an organism to alter its biological, physical and behavioral characteristics. While genetic engineering has been used for beneficial purposes, the advancement in DNA technology has raised numerous questions about the possible impact on society. Nicholl asserts that genetic engineering is an emotive subject (4). The novel examines these consequences from ethical, scientific, economic and social perspectives. The novel begins by illustrating an unidentified event leading to the collapse of morality and civilization. Snowman, the protagonist lives with bizarre human creatures, called the Crackers. The world depicted by Atwood is characterized by atypical beasts, products of DNA technology. From the interjected scenes, it becomes clear that Snowman grew up as Jimmy, who became friends with Glenn (Crake), a talented science student. The two liked playing computer games and watching child pornography. Crake pursues career in bioengineering while Jimmy takes on humanities and literature. Crake creates the Crakes, human-like engineered creatures and befriends a prostitute, Oryx. In addition, Crake develops a contagious engineered virus in the disguise of a drug. The virus infects all human subjects apart from Jimmy who has been innocuously vaccinated against it. The world depicted in the Oryx and Crake illustrates possible outcomes of the advancement in science and technology, especially the use of DNA technology in genetic engineering. While science and technology presents enormous benefits to societies, when these technologies and processes are not controlled they poses detrimental effects. Genetic engineering is one of the most interesting technologies in the 21st century. The ability to create organisms with super-qualities outlines the beneficial outcomes related to DNA technology. However, if scientific experimentation with the genetic-make up of organisms could also result to detrimental effects. This could happen via both deliberate manipulations to create harmful organisms or due to accidental escape of experimental biological material from contained systems. The Oryx and Crake envision a fictional society, in which genetic engineering has been used to create synthetic food products and organisms that threaten the existence of the very society they are made to benefit. A critical analysis of the masterpiece reveals that the author depicts the possible consequences that could arise due to advancement in science and technology. For instance, the novel illustrates the creation of a virulent virus in the disguise of a drug. This illustration depicts the possible use of technology to create harmful

Research Method in Social Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Method in Social Science - Essay Example It is infact a habit of questioning what you do, and a systematic examination of the observed information to find answers, with a view to instituting appropriate changes for a more effective professional service. One's philosophical orientation might stem from one of the several paradigms and approaches in research - positivist, interpretive, phenomenolist, action or participatory, feminist, qualitative or quantitative. The concept of 'validity' can be applied to any aspect of the research process. It ensures that in a research study correct procedures have been applied to find answers to a question. 'Reliability' refers to the quality of a measurement procedure that provides repeatability and accuracy. 'Unbiased and objective' means that every step has been taken without introducing vested self-interest. Adherences to these three criteria enable the process to be called 'research'. However, the degree to which these criteria are expected to be fulfilled varies from discipline to discipline and so the meaning of 'research' differs from one academic discipline to another. For example, the expectations of the research process are markedly different between the physical and social sciences. In the physical sciences, a research endeavour is expected to be strictly controlled at each step, whereas in social sciences rigid control cannot be enforced and sometimes is not even demanded. There are two main para... However, there is distinction between qualitative data on the one hand and qualitative research on the other as the first is confined to the measurement of variables and the second to a use of methodology. Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research The term quality comes from the Latin word qualitas which means "of what kind'. There is an element of evaluation and judgement and taste connected to the term quality. Quantity is a different matter. The term quantity comes from the Latin word quantitas meaning "how great" or, for our purposes, "how much" or "how many". In the context of social science, quantitative researchers are sometimes accused of being too narrow, basing their research on what they count, measure and observe, and neglecting other matters. Qualitative researchers, however, are accused of "reading into" texts that are not there or of having opinions or making interpretations that seem odd or excessive. Therefore none of the modes of research are exclusively complete in themselves. A combination of the two approaches is a better way of solving a social science research problem. Qualitative and quantitative research methodologies differ in the philosophy that underpins their mode of inquiry as well as, to some extent, in methods, models and procedures used. Though the research process is broadly the same in both, qualitative and quantitative research are differentiated in terms of methods of data collection, the procedures adopted for data processing and analysis, and the style of communication of the findings. Qualitative and quantitative research can be compared on the basis of certain parameters. Let us delve into the parameters one by one. 1. Underpinning philosophy The underlying philosophy of the quantitative approach is

Matter and Materials Physics Assignment Essay Example for Free

Matter and Materials Physics Assignment Essay Matter and Materials Part 1 Here is a list of definitions of important terms, with the sources of information in brackets: Tensile Stress (1) Tensile stress is the tensional force acting on a solid per unit cross-sectional area. It is represented by the symbol ? and is measured in N m-2 or Pa. (They are the same thing). Formula: ? = F / A Strain (1) The tensile strain is calculated by dividing the extension produced in a solid (i.e. a wire) under tension, by its original length. It is represented by the symbol ? and has no units. (It is a length divided by a length). Formula: ? = e / l The Young Modulus (1) The Young Modulus is a means by which we can measure a materials relative resistance to tensional force. If a material obeys Hookes Law (as most of them do, at least to an extent) then the tensile stress is proportional to the tensile strain, and the ratio of stress to strain is a constant, which is characteristic of a material. This is called the Young Modulus, and it is calculated by dividing tensile stress by tensile strain. It is represented by the symbol E, and is measured in N m-2 or Pa, as we divide a measurement in Pa by one with no units. Formula: E = ? / ? , or E = F l / A e. Density (1) Density, a characteristic of a material, is defined as mass per unit volume, and is a measure of relative massiveness of a material. Density is represented by the symbol ? and is measured in kg m-3. Formula: ? = m / V Stiff (1) The stiffer a material is, the more difficult it is to be deformed (have its shape or size changed) by a force. Plastic (1) A material is said to be plastic if, when you deform it, it stays in the new shape after the force is released. Elastic (1) If a material is elastic, then it will return to its original shape after being deformed. This is the opposite of plastic. Brittle (1) A brittle material does not change shape at all when a deforming force is applied. It eventually breaks without warning, and the pieces can be fitted back together. Ductile (1) A material is ductile when it can be deformed by a large, steadily applied force. Most economic metals are ductile- they can be drawn out into wire, for example. Tensile Strength (2) The Tensile Strength, or Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of a material, is the amount of tensile stress a material can take just before snapping. It is measured in N m-2 or Pa. Yield Stress (1) The Yield Stress is the amount of tensile stress required for a material to yield. Certain materials, for example mild steel, when under sufficient stress, begin to extend at a very fast rate without additional pressure being applied. This is caused by the materials internal structure losing its integrity. The crystal planes within the metal can slide past each other, and the material becomes completely plastic for a time, but then breaks if any more force is applied. Information Sources 1: A students review notes, found on the college intranet. Address: https://195.195.14.1/intranet/physics/mod_3/12_2_solids/matter/matter.htm 2: Microsoft Encarta 99 Encyclopedia Tensile Strength All of my evidence is in Appendix 1 of the assignment. Information about a metal Aluminium is a very light metal, with a melting point of 660à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C and a boiling point of 2467à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½C. It is highly electropositive and reactive, and it is this property that makes it extremely resistant to corrosion- on contact with air it rapidly forms a skin of aluminium oxide, which resists any further chemical corrosion. Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the Earths crust, but most of it is contained within complex silicate minerals, from which it is far too expensive to extract. The main source of Aluminium is Bauxite, which is an impure aluminium oxide ore. Part 2 I have been given data for the force and extension from stretching a wire, and the original length and diameter as constants. The formula for the Young Modulus is E = F l / A e , so I will have to manipulate the formula into a graph. If I made a graph of F against e, the gradient would be equal to F / e. Multiplying this by the l / A would give me the Young Modulus. Calculation for the Area A = ? d2 / 4 A = ? (1.0010-3)2 / 4 = 7.8510-7 m2 Therefore l / A = 3.00 / 7.8510-7 = 3.82106 m-1 Below is the spreadsheet data I downloaded. To the right is the graph I constructed from the data.

Film vs Literature :: Technology, Film, DVD

Since the beginning of film, technology has played an important role in the evolution of the medium. Film, much more so than literature, relies on the ever-changing nature of technological development to stay relevant. In 1980 when Seymour Chatman wrote â€Å"What Novels Can Do That Films Can’t (And Vice Versa),† there were no such thing as DVD players and the VCR was a newly introduced, and thus non-perfected, product. Today when viewing a film, one has the luxury of returning to previous scenes immediately and effortlessly in order to further soak in and contemplate filmic choices. In his essay, Chatman focuses too heavily on narrative drive and, in saying that film cannot describe, does not give full merit to the idea of returning to and repeating a film for purpose of textual analysis. In direct contrast to Chatman’s views are those of Laura Mulvey. In her book â€Å"Death 24x a Second,† she champions the delay of film as a way to inscribe significance onto the piece. This delay is achieved mostly through the act of rewatching scenes or freezing frames to parse through some of the more subtle details of the shot. Chatman agrees that â€Å"looking at a single frame enables us to examine it at our leisure,† but he does not find a contradiction in this act (448). His argument involves looking at a short story that is also a film of the same name, â€Å"Une Partie de campagne.† He says that films do not allow time to â€Å"dwell on plenteous details,† but only after he dwells on the plenteous details of a shot in the film (448). Details are a point both Chatman and Mulvey spend time discussing. Mulvey says that the mise en scà ¨ne is where â€Å"the ‘unsaid’ and ‘unspeakable’ find cinematic expression† (Mulvey 146). The â€Å"unsaid† and â€Å"unspeakable† are undoubtedly the minute details of the scene that may only become apparent after multiple viewings or through pausing. She goes on to say that the mise en scà ¨ne â€Å"[contributes] a kind of cinematic commentary or description, inscribing into the scene significance that goes beyond the inarticulate consciousness of characters† (Mulvey 147). For Mulvey, the key is for viewers to find meaning in a film through the details of the scene, which may not be evident the first time. But is the â€Å"pressure from the narrative component† that Chatman refers to so insurmountable that details cannot be explored in a film?

Response To Beijing Games Book

The field of sports has definitely gained an unquestionable significance and obvious implications among people and within societies. Such relevant characteristics concerning the sports discipline have resulted in making it as an important topic to be presented in a literary work. This is because facts and stories about sports are essential to be discussed in order for its underlying principles and messages to be learned and ultimately realized by the public.Sports field in today’s contemporary setting has achieved an apparent prominence. The said fame is attributed to the success of the quintessential sports event – the Olympics.The advent and emergence of the Olympics have paved the way for recognition of various kinds of sports, their respective players or athletes and most importantly, the acknowledgement of the host countries where the said sports occasion is held every four years. The purpose, essence and valuable effects of Olympics to its host nation were what Su san Brownell (2008) effectively and successfully exemplified in her book â€Å"Beijing Games: What the Olympics Mean to China. † The Brownell material provided the public with clear insight about the meaning and effects of the 2008 summer Olympics to China.In the book, the author attained her goals and the narrative’s worth when they efficiently imparted to the readers the importance of hosting the Olympic Games to the country of China. In doing so, the â€Å"Beijing Games† book revealed that the meaning of Olympics to China lies on the reality that Olympics as Western civilization component can, in fact, possibly occur and affect the Far East culture. The attempt of Brownell and her book to emphasize the triumphant connection that transpired between Olympics and China led to the recognition of the beneficial impact of Olympic Games to China as well as the nation’s worldwide influence.The book therefore served as a very inspiring and awakening literary wo rk where the effect and how Olympics change its host country as well as how China impacted and altered the Olympic were eventually realized. Written by Brownell months before the 2008 summer Olympic Games in Beijing, the book â€Å"Beijing Games† is evidently topical to China in showing the nation as one of the powerful and influential countries in Asia or the Far East part of the world.In general, the work acted as defender of the history and sports background of China as well as its political structure. This was carried out by the book with its specific criticism against the Western culture’s manner of interpreting and performing the Olympics (Brownell, 2008). â€Å"Beijing Games’ was not purely sports-oriented as several historical, political and social facts and events relating to China were discussed such as the 1989 Tiananmen Square tragic incident.Hence, in organizing the book, the author made seven chapters that talked about a number of issues. These in clude the disparities between the respective historical encounters with Olympic sports or the physical endeavors of China and the rest of Western countries (Brownell, 2008). The book also presented how Chinese regarded their affiliation with the International Olympic Committee or IOC, the coverage made by Western media concerning China as a nation and its sports.Foremost these topics, the Brownell book is to be significantly noted by its intriguing yet powerful presentation on whether Beijing is destined to change the Olympic’s history and nature or vice versa (Brownell, 2008). In order to understand and appreciate better the Beijing Games book, it is empirically essential to analyze how the material appeared and considered by the readers. Additionally, it is valuable to react to the book by discussing both its main and weak points. In responding to the book, the general concepts which pertain to China and the Olympics are first to be evaluated.On the whole, the book is to be commended for its efforts at disclosing the ability of the Far East civilization to hold a global sports event such as the Olympics thereby making people realize that the quintessential sports activity should not be made exclusive to Western countries. Since China embarked on what seemed like a remarkable sports undertaking, the book asserted that it is but just practical to praise and commend the country for its firm principle and practice of bringing Olympics to the other side of the world.Due to its emphasis on the capability of China, the book is to be equally acclaimed because the author has successfully disputed a misleading and incorrect notion about the sports history and background in China. The book then did well in making the world recognize that Beijing aspiration to host the 2008 summer Olympics is attributed to an enormous desire to overcome a lasting wrong impression about China’s inability towards sports or little or none at all connection with the said field .In asserting China’s power and influence in sports, the book’s notable criticism against the Western control of what is projected to be a global sports activity has worked to the advantage of China and the field of sports in general. This is because through the book, the international public was provided with the fact that the country has, in fact, rich and original sports background or nature.Based from the efforts of the author or the book, various political and social concerns that prevented sports from flourishing in China were presented, all aimed at ending the many forms of discriminations and misrepresentation on the function of Olympics sports in China and the apparent neglect done by Western cultures. Personally, I considered the book to be generally acceptable and commendable. While its organizational presentation appeared to be loosening, its principles and objectives made â€Å"Beijing Games† as one literary material worth reading and referred to ot her sectors of the public aside from sports.This is because the book is supposed to impart important messages or lessons to anyone. That is, the field of sports is a universal discipline which needs to be equally adhered to and uphold by worldwide audience. The realization of the meaning of Olympics to China showed how the book ultimately achieved its very essence and goals. Reference Brownell, S (2008). Beijing Games: What the Olympics Mean to China. New York: Rowman & Littlefield